Trichomoniasis: What It Is, How It Spreads, Symptoms, and Potential Complications If Left Untreated
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What Is Trichomoniasis? Symptoms, Risks, and Why You Should Get Tested
When people think of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), trichomoniasis isn't always the first that comes to mind but it should be. Commonly called "trich," this STI affects millions each year and often goes unnoticed. Here's what you need to know about this often-overlooked infection and why regular testing is so important.
What Causes Trichomoniasis?
Trichomoniasis is caused by a tiny, single-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It spreads through sexual contact and can infect the vagina, urethra, vulva, and cervix in women, or the urethra and inside of the penis in men.
According to the CDC, about 2.6 million people in the U.S. are infected with trichomoniasis each year but 70–85% show no symptoms.
How Is Trichomoniasis Spread?
Trichomoniasis spreads during sexual contact, primarily through vaginal sex. It's less common (but still possible) for transmission to occur through vulva-to-vulva contact between women.
It's important to remember even if your partner doesn't have symptoms, they can still carry and pass on the infection.
Signs and Symptoms of Trichomoniasis
Most people won't experience any symptoms at all. But when they do appear, they typically start within 5 to 28 days after exposure.
In Women:
- Genital itching, burning, or discomfort
- Painful urination
- Yellow-green vaginal discharge with a fishy odor
- Pain during sex
- "Strawberry cervix" (red, irritated cervix)
In Men:
- Itching or burning inside the penis
- Discomfort during or after urination or ejaculation
- Penile discharge
These symptoms can be confused with other infections, so accurate testing is essential.
Testing and Prevention
Because so many people have trichomoniasis without knowing it, testing is the only way to confirm whether you or your partner is infected.
To help prevent trichomoniasis:
- Use condoms consistently and correctly
- Get tested regularly, especially when starting a new relationship
- Limit the number of sexual partners
- Encourage open conversations about sexual health with partners
At-home STI test kits like AllrangeKit™ can help you test discreetly and conveniently — without a clinic visit.
What Happens If You Don't Treat It?
Trichomoniasis is treatable with antibiotics. But if left untreated, it can cause serious complications:
- Higher risk of HIV and other STIs
- Preterm birth and low birth weight in pregnant women
- Chronic infection lasting months or years
- Increased risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Reinfection is common nearly 1 in 5 people get reinfected within 3 months, usually from a partner who hasn't been treated.
That's why it's important that both partners receive treatment and avoid sex until treatment is finished. A follow-up test after 3 months is also recommended.
The Takeaway
Trichomoniasis is common, often silent, and fully treatable. Regular STI testing isn't just about protecting yourself it's about protecting your partners and taking control of your health.
If you've had unprotected sex or are experiencing symptoms, don't wait. Get tested. Get clarity. Live well.