Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen) is a bacterial STI that can spread through unprotected vaginal or anal sex. This illness can easily spread because many people don't realize they have it. Thankfully, effective Mgen treatment is available in the form of antibiotics.

Very small and slow-growing bacteria are what cause Mgen. This infection spreads through unprotected sex with someone who has the STI that can infect the urethra (the tube that carries urine), the cervix (the opening of the uterus), and in some cases the rectum, depending on exposure. Mgen is different from many bacteria because it does not have a typical cell wall, which is one reason treatment decisions are usually guided by a healthcare provider.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, researchers first identified Mgen in 1981. In the past, it was hard to diagnose because the proper testing technology didn't exist. As a result, researchers believe that it may be more common than they first thought.

Mgen spreads through unprotected sex. That means it is important to use a condom during:

• Vaginal sex
• Anal sex

Many people who have a Mgen show no symptoms. However, some people may experience:

• Abnormal discharge from the vagina or penis
• A burning sensation during urination

These symptoms are a sign to take a Mgen test.

Without proper treatment, Mgen can cause health complications. These issues vary depending on whether someone has a penis or a vagina. However, both men and women can develop proctitis (inflammation of the rectum).

The biggest concern for men with untreated Mgen is urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Although this can occur in both men and women, it is more common among people with a penis.

In men, urethritis can cause:

• Discharge from the penis
• Pain during urination or ejaculation
• Itching or irritation
• Pain in the abdomen

Women who do not get Mgen treatment can also develop health issues, including:

• Cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix)
• Female infertility
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (an infection in the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries)
• Ectopic pregnancy (a fertilized egg that implants outside the uterus)

A Mgen test can help you determine if you have this diagnosis and are at risk for these complications.

It is wise to take a Mgen test if you have:

• Any signs or symptoms of this STI
• Had multiple sexual partners (if you had unprotected sex)
• A partner who has a Mgen diagnosis

Once you get your Mgen test results, you'll know whether you need treatment.

A Mgen test is the only way to definitively diagnose this condition. You have two main testing options, including taking an at-home collection Mgen test.

• Clinic testing, which involves visiting a medical office for your test
• A Mgen at-home collection test, which allows you to comfortably collect your test sample at home

Depending on the test option you select, you will either provide a urine sample or a swab of the urethra, vagina, cervix, or anus.

People often prefer at-home collection testing for Mgen. It offers a more convenient and private way to take a Mgen test without a doctor visit.

Medicine for Mgen can clear up the infection. However, this STI has become resistant to certain antibiotics, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

For this reason, the CDC recommends one or more of the following treatments in specific doses:

• Doxycycline
• Azithromycin
• Moxifloxacin

To make sure your Mgen treatment is effective, be sure to take your entire course of antibiotics.